Version Control System (Git & GitHub)

Reference:

• https://www.atlassian.com/git/tutorials/what-is-version-control
• The Blog titled “The Developer’s Bank: A Beginner’s Guide to GitHub Through Financial Analogies” by Punit Verma (from Lubus)

Version Control System

As per Atlassian Version control (aka source control), is the practice of tracking and managing changes to software code. Version control systems are software tools that help software teams manage changes to source code over time. As development environments have accelerated, version control systems help software teams work faster and smarter. They are especially useful for DevOps teams since they help them to reduce development time and increase successful deployments.

Version control software keeps track of every modification to the code in a special kind of database. If a mistake is made, developers can turn back the clock and compare earlier versions of the code to help fix the mistake while minimizing disruption to all team members.

How Version Control works?

Two Categories of Version Control

1. Centralize (CDS): Each person send the copy of their work to a centralize server.
2. Distributed: Every person has a mirror copy of their work environment. Git & mercurous are examples.

Benefits of Version Control

• Keeps a File Backup
• Keep a History of every change you made (commit).
• View all the changes (each Versions)
• It’s helpful in experiments, like working on beta features.
• You can collaborate with team members.

Introducing Git

Git is a version control software.

Benefits of using Git:

1. Fast
2. Distributed
3. Data integrity, means you can build a model using all the parts anytime.
4. Stagging area
5. Open Source & free!

Github Beginners Guide

GitHub is a platform for version control and collaboration, often used by developers to manage and share code. To make it easier to understand, let’s consider financial analogies. Like a bank manages money, transactions, and customer accounts, GitHub manages code, changes, and collaborative projects.

GitHub Concepts

1. Repository: Your Bank Account

Bank Analogy: A bank account holds your money and tracks all transactions (deposits, withdrawals, and balances).
GitHub Equivalent: A repository (or “repo”) is like a bank account for your code. It stores all your project files and tracks every change made to them.
Git Commands:

• git init→ Initializing a new repository in the current directory.
• git clone <repo_url> → Creates a local copy of a remote repository..
• git remote add origin <repo_url> → Adds a remote repository with the name origin pointing to the specified URL.

Example: Just as you open a savings account for a specific purpose, you create a repository for a particular project.

2. Commits: Transactions

Bank Analogy: Every time you deposit or withdraw money, it’s recorded as a transaction in your bank statement.
GitHub Equivalent: A commit is like a transaction. It records a change you’ve made to your code and includes a message explaining what was changed.
Git Commands:

• git add <file> → Adds a specific file to the staging area.
• git commit -m “Message” → Commits the staged changes with a descriptive message..
• git log → Checks the commit history.

Example: If you fix a bug or add a new feature, you “commit” the change, just like depositing money into your account.

3. Conventional Commits: Standardized Transaction Records

Bank Analogy: Banks maintain structured transaction records. Each transaction has a category (deposit, withdrawal, loan payment) and a description (who, what, and why). This structure helps customers and bank managers track account activities easily.
GitHub Equivalent: In Git, Conventional Commits ensure that commit messages follow a structured format, making them clear, searchable, and automation-friendly.

Conventional Commit Format:

<type>(optional scope): <description>

[optional body]

[optional footer]

• type → Describes the purpose of the commit (e.g., feat, fix, docs).
• scope → (Optional) Specifies which part of the project was affected.
• description → A concise summary of the change.
• body → (Optional) Additional details about the change.
• footer → (Optional) Metadata such as issue references or breaking changes.

Types of Conventional Commits

Commit Type	Description
feat	Adding a new feature
fix	Fixing a bug
docs	Updating documentation
style	Code style improvements (no logic change)
refactor	Code restructuring (no functional change)
perf	Performance improvements
test	Adding or modifying tests
ci	Continuous integration setup updates
chore	Maintenance tasks (dependencies, build scripts)

Example:

git commit -m "feat(auth): add social login"

git commit -m "fix(ui): resolve button alignment issue"

git commit -m "docs(readme): update installation steps"

3. Branches: Different Accounts for Different Purposes

Bank Analogy: You might have separate accounts for savings, investments, or daily expenses.
GitHub Equivalent: Branches are like separate accounts for different purposes. The main branch is your primary account (like a checking account), while other branches are used for testing new features or fixing bugs.
Git Commands:

• git branch → Lists all branches in the repository, highlighting the current branch.
• git checkout <branch-name> or git switch <branch-name> → Creates and switches to a new branch..
• git branch -d <branch-name> → Deletes a specified branch locally.

Example: You create a feature-login branch to work on a login feature without affecting the main codebase.

4. Pull Requests: Loan Applications

Bank Analogy: When you apply for a loan, the bank reviews your application and approves or rejects it.
GitHub Equivalent: A pull request (PR) is like a loan application. It’s a request to merge changes from one branch into another. Team members review the changes, suggest improvements, and approve or reject the PR.
Example: After completing the feature-login branch, you submit a PR to merge it into the main branch.

5. Merging: Fund Transfers Between Accounts

Bank Analogy: Once a loan is approved, the money is transferred to your account.
GitHub Equivalent: Merging is like transferring funds from one account to another.. Once a PR is approved, the changes are merged into the target branch.
Git Commands:

• git merge <branch_name> → Merges the specified branch into the current branch.
• git rebase <branch_name> → Reapplies commits linearly.

Example: The feature-login branch is merged into main, and the new login feature becomes part of the main project.

6. Collaboration: Joint Accounts

Bank Analogy: A joint bank account allows multiple people to manage the same funds.
GitHub Equivalent: GitHub allows multiple developers to collaborate on the same repository.
Git Commands:

• git fetch → Updates your local branch with the latest changes from the remote repository.
• git pull → Merges the latest changes from the remote repository into your local branch.

Example: A team of developers works concurrently on a repository, each contributing to different features or fixes.

7. Issues: Customer Support Tickets

Bank Analogy: If you have a problem with your account, you raise a support ticket with the bank.
GitHub Equivalent: Issues are like support tickets for your code. They are used to report bugs, request features, or discuss improvements.
Example: A user reports a bug in the login feature, and the team creates an issue to track and resolve it.

8. Forks: Opening an Independent Account at a Different Bank

Bank Analogy: If you want to manage finances differently, you open an account at a different bank but start with the same initial balance.
GitHub Equivalent: A fork is a copy of someone else’s repository that you can modify independently.
Git Commands:

• git fork (via GitHub UI) → Copies another repository.
• git remote add upstream <original_repo_url> → Links the original repository to your forked repo.

Example: You fork an open-source project to make your changes without affecting the original project.

9. Releases: Official Bank Statements

Bank Analogy: At the end of the month, you receive an official bank statement summarizing all transactions.
GitHub Equivalent: Releases are snapshots of your project at a specific point in time.
Git Commands:

• git tag -a <tag-name> -m "<message>" → Creates an annotated tag at the current commit with a custom message.
• git push origin <tag-name> → Publishes the release.

Example: After completing a major feature, you create a release called v2.0.0 to mark the project’s new stable version.

10. Stash: Temporary Fund Hold

Bank Analogy: Sometimes, you set money aside temporarily before deciding where to allocate it.
GitHub Equivalent: Stash is a feature in Git (used with GitHub) that allows you to temporarily save changes that aren’t ready to be committed.
Git Commands:

• git stash → Temporarily saves changes.
• git stash pop → Applies the last stashed changes and removes them from the stash list.

Example: You’re working on a feature but need to switch to fixing a bug. You stash your current changes, fix the bug, and then reapply the stashed changes later.

A Simple Git Cheatsheet: Everything You Need to Know